Geographos / Science

Science · Geographos

What the research says about Geographos

These are three research papers, all free to read on arXiv, about Geographos. We summarize each one in plain English from its abstract.

  • Papers 3
  • Topics 3
  • Reviewed Oct 24, 2026
  • Source arXiv.org
Illustrative · not to scale

Our own artist's impression. No figures are taken from the papers.

01

Size, shape & spin

1 paper

How big Geographos is, what shape it has and how it spins.

[1]2021astro-ph.EPPeer-reviewed

Rotation acceleration of asteroids (10115) 1992 SK, (1685) Toro, and (1620) Geographos due to the YORP effect

J. Durech, D. Vokrouhlicky, P. Pravec & 28 others

What they foundGeographos's spin is measurably speeding up due to the YORP effect.

Why it mattersDirectly measuring YORP tests how sunlight changes asteroid spins.
What they studied

Archived and new light curves fitted with a shape and spin model.

02

Orbit & dynamics

1 paper

How Geographos moves, and the gravity and sunlight forces that shape its path.

[2]2014astro-ph.EPPreprint

Physical characterisation of near-Earth asteroid (1620) Geographos. Reconciling radar and thermal-infrared observations

Ben Rozitis & Simon F. Green

What they foundA thermal model reconciles radar and infrared observations of Geographos and predicts its Yarkovsky orbital drift and YORP spin-up.

Why it mattersThese small forces from sunlight slowly change asteroid orbits and spins.
What they studied

Advanced thermophysical modelling of light-curve, radar and thermal-infrared data.

03

Origins & history

1 paper

Where Geographos came from and how it formed and changed over time.

[3]1998astro-phPreprint

1620 Geographos and 433 Eros: Shaped by Planetary Tides?

W. F. Bottke,, D. C. Richardson, P. Michel & 1 other

What they foundClose passes by Earth can stretch rubble-pile asteroids into Geographos's elongated, tapered shape.

Why it mattersIt suggests Geographos's shape was made by Earth's tides.
What they studied

Numerical simulations of rubble-pile asteroids passing Earth.

arXiv:astro-ph/9812235Abstract (opens arXiv)PDF (opens arXiv)

New research

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How we choose papers

We search arXiv for Geographos papers and keep the ones that add something new, are clearly written up and are relevant to a general reader. A person reads every abstract.

Our own words, our own drawings

Summaries are written by us from each paper’s abstract, not copied. Diagrams are our own simplified drawings, not figures from the papers.

Preprint vs. peer-reviewed

“Peer-reviewed” means arXiv lists a journal reference for the paper. Everything else is marked “Preprint”: shared openly, possibly before or without journal review.

Paper metadata courtesy of arXiv. Summaries written by us; read the original papers via the links. Paper metadata from arXiv.org, which does not endorse this site.